A networking model is a conceptual framework that is used to describe the architecture and functionality of a computer network.
It serves as a blueprint for the design, implementation, and management of a network, and helps to ensure that all components of the network are able to communicate and function correctly.
Networking models typically consist of a set of layers, each of which represents a different aspect of the network's functionality.
Networking models are usually created by industry standards organizations, such as ISO and the IETF, and are used by network engineers, administrators and designers to design, implement and maintain the networks.
There are several different models used in computer networking, each with their own specific purpose and characteristics. Some of the most common network models include:
OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Model
This model breaks down network communication into seven layers, including the physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer, and application layer.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) Model:
This model is a four-layer model that includes the network access layer, internet layer, transport layer, and application layer.
Reference Model for Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP):
This model provides a framework for distributed systems, including the enterprise, information, computation, and communication perspectives.
ISO/OSI Reference Model:
This model is similar to the OSI model and breaks down network communication into seven layers, including the physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer, and application layer.