Definition

A router is a device that connects different networks together and allows devices on those networks to communicate with each other.

A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks.

It works by sending data packets between networks using routing tables and protocols to determine the best path for the data to travel.

Analogy:

A post office where mail gets sorted. It takes the letters (data packets) and sends them to the correct address (network). This allows devices on different networks, such as computers in a home and a smartphone, to access the internet and communicate with each other. An example of a router would be the device that you use to connect your home internet.

Functions of Router

• Packet forwarding: To receive incoming packets and forward them to their destination based on routing tables.
• Routing: To determine the best path for data packets to take, based on factors like network congestion and distance.
• Network segmentation: Segment a network into smaller subnets, providing security and reducing congestion.
• Quality of Service (QoS): Prioritize certain types of traffic, such as voice or video, over others.
• Virtual Private Network (VPN) support: Support VPN connections, allowing remote users to securely access a private network.
• Firewall: Routers can have built-in firewalls to protect the network from external threats.
• DHCP: Act as DHCP servers, automatically assigning IP addresses to devices on the network.
• Network Address Translation (NAT): Translate between private IP addresses used inside a network and public IP addresses used on the internet.

Types of Routers

1. Home routers: Small, low-cost routers that are typically used in home networks to connect multiple devices to the internet.