1. Router: directs traffic between different networks and connects devices to the internet.
2. Switch: connects devices within a single network and forwards data between them.
3. Bridge: connects two separate networks together and forwards data between them.
4. Hub: connects multiple devices together in a single network and forwards data to all connected devices.
5. Modem: converts digital signals from computers into analog signals that can be transmitted over telephone or cable lines.
6. Gateway: a device that connects two networks together, allowing devices on one network to communicate with devices on the other network.
7. Firewall: a security device that controls access to a network, protecting it from unauthorized access and malware.
8. Access Point: a device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network.
9. Wireless Controller: a device that manages wireless access points and controls wireless network access.
10. Load Balancer: a device that distributes network traffic evenly across multiple servers to ensure that no single server is overwhelmed.
11. Proxy Server: a server that acts as an intermediary between a client and other servers, forwarding requests and hiding the identity of the client.
12. Network Address Translator (NAT): a device that translates between private and public IP addresses, allowing multiple devices to share a single public IP address.
13. VPN concentrator: a device that allows remote users to securely connect to a private network over the internet.
14. Network Attached Storage (NAS): a device that allows multiple devices to store and access files over a network.
15. Network monitoring and management devices such as Network analyzer, Network sniffer, Network probe etc.
    1. Network analyzer: a device or software that captures and analyzes network traffic to identify patterns and troubleshoot issues.
    2. Network sniffer: a device or software that captures and analyzes network packets to identify problems and security issues.
    3. Network probe: a device or software that actively tests network connections and devices to identify issues.
    4. Network performance monitoring tools: software that monitors network performance metrics such as bandwidth, latency, and packet loss to ensure that network performance is meeting SLAs.
    5. Network Management System (NMS): software that allows network administrators to monitor and manage multiple devices from a single console.
    6. Network Configuration Management (NCM): software that allows network administrators to manage and configure devices from a central location.
    7. Network Automation tool: software that automates repetitive network management tasks such as configuring devices, monitoring performance, and troubleshooting issues.
    8. Netflow Analyzer: a tool that captures, analyzes and provides real-time visibility of network flow data.
    9. Network Mapping tools: software that generates visual representations of network topology and displays the status of network devices and connections.
    10. Network security management tools: software that helps to detect and prevent security threats on the network by monitoring traffic, analyzing logs and identifying suspicious activity.